With a population of 4.4 million, Alexandria is Egypt's second most populous city. Rural-urban migration has spurred substantial growth in the past 40 years. The city is home to 40 percent of Egypt's industry, which includes iron and steel, petroleum, cement and petrochemicals. Around 60 percent of Egypt's foreign trade is handled through Alexandria's port and the nearby El Dekheila port. The city excels in the waste category, with some of the best waste-management policies among the 15 cities evaluated in the Index.