Although Greece’s capital, Athens, accounts for just under one-third of its total population, it contributed approximately one-half of the country’s GDP in 2007. As has occurred in other developed cities, there has been a shift from industrial production to business-related services, such as shipping and tourism, over the past decade. In 2001 industry accounted for 16.7% of total gross value added in Athens. By 2006 this figure had fallen to 13.2%. Athens ranked 22nd out of 30 countries in the European Green Cities Index with a score of 53.09 out of 100. The city’s overall score was constrained by its air quality, its performance on waste and land use, and the green credentials of its buildings. However, its score was bolstered by its environmental policies on water and transport. Athens’s environmental programme is divided between the city and various ministries at the national level. With several overlapping jurisdictions, the city must often receive approval from a designated ministry in order to move ahead with an initiative which can delay the planning and implementation of programmes.